Here are the basics you should familiarize yourself with before getting into specifics:
Alphabet and writing system: What does the writing system and alphabet look like? Take a look at them and study the sounds of the letters.
Parts of speech: Begin by familiarizing yourself with the basic building blocks of sentences: nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections.
Understanding word order: Arrange words in a sentence according to the standard word order of your target language.
Before you start, you should consider what type of learner you are. Do you find it easier to listen, to read, to visualize new information? Sometimes it also depends on the learning material and you need to adapt to this.
Auditory learners: Listen to audio resources such as YouTube videos, podcasts, series and movies, audiobooks, and music.
Visual learners: Use flashcards and images. Create mind maps with different colors, graphics, and images. Use apps with strong visual content, such as Babbel or Duolingo.
Reading/Writing learners: Keep a journal. Read books, articles, or blogs. Use grammar and vocabulary books.
Write sentences using the new words you learn, or look them up to understand their correct meaning and usage.
Be willing to step out of your comfort zone when learning a new language. Progress happens when you challenge yourself.
Spaced Repetition Systems (SRS)
Active Listening with Immediate Recall
Self-Quizzing and Recall Exercises
Find a pen pal or practice with a friend in your target language. If you catch yourself making a mistake, correct it right away and keep talking. Another important thing to remember is to be open to critizism or feedback. It will help you tremendously in the future.
This guide is based on my own language learning experience. Feel free to tweak it to fit your personal style: in other words, make my guide yours.
I wish you all the best on your language-learning journey! Go get it! <3
Love,
Sabrina